Harvest Roasting
October, 2008 Newsletter
By Don Eckles, President
There are many ingredients in a “success pie”. But in the coffee business, the important things are fairly easy to identify. They are: Sales, Cost of Goods, Cost of Labor, and, Fixed Costs. Actually, these are the same things all businesses must focus on. But in the coffee business, where smaller sales volumes and a lower average ticket are commonplace, it’s critical that we get these things right.
In the last two newsletters, I talked about the importance of selling high quality products, providing great customer service, and, how to control your cost of goods. In this month’s issue, we’re going to look at the cost of labor, and again, how to control it.
It’s important to have a labor goal, and stick to it. Otherwise, when profits are down, an owner may have a tendency to cut labor costs, and just work the hours themselves. An owner’s (or manager’s) time is much better spent managing the business, and finding ways to get more dollars in the door, rather than just cutting expenses. We’ll talk more about that later in this edition.
First, we need to have a labor cost “goal”. I like to live in the “25% of daily sales” range. That may not be possible in a new store, or one with lower sales volumes. But, a mature store with a capable staff should be close to that percentage. Even for a new store, anything over 30%
of sales (long-term) could be fatal to your business.
Your labor cost, as a percentage of sales, is figured by dividing the labor costs into the sales. So, a monthly labor cost (including all taxes and payroll expenses) of $5100.00 divided into $20,000.00 of sales, would be 25.5%. A general way to figure your total hourly cost would be to take the wage you pay and multiply it by 1.12. That would (depending on location and tax rate) include FICA, Medicare, and unemployment taxes.
In our stores, we give our managers a labor budget. It’s based on the number of employee hours we feel are needed to operate the store effectively, and still allow for growth. Each store is different, but based on the number of hours a store is open; we decide how many people are needed for each hour of the day. Based on hourly sales volume, you can determine your staffing needs.
Generally, while allowing for growth, I staff for the “usual” volume of the store, and then handle the unforeseen rushes as they occur. I hear people say that “I need 3 people here in the late afternoon, because sometimes we get hit hard. My question is…how often do you get hit hard? If it’s every couple of days or so, then maybe the extra staff is justified (remember, we’re allowing for growth). You can’t staff for the occasional surprise rush…you just handle those.
A busy coffee store will need 3 or 4 good people working during the morning rush, with each person assigned to specific responsibilities. That’s a busy coffee store…one that is doing $700.00 - $1,000.00 by 11:00 a.m. Otherwise, 2 morning people would be fine. We look at the number of customer rings per hour, for our staffing. Anything under 16 rings per hour is a 1 person hour. Up to about 35 rings per hour is a 2 person hour, up to 60 rings per hour is a 3 person hour, and so on. And, when the rush is over, we scale down quickly.
For many reasons, I think it’s important for a manager to work shifts during the busy times. Those reasons include the customer contact (VERY IMPORTANT for customer loyalty), observation and ongoing training of the staff, the opportunity to keep a good handle on the wants and needs of your customers, and the need to stay “tuned in” to what’s going on in the industry and your business. This is critical to keeping your current customers.
Just as important though, is driving new business to your store. As a manager, you should spend time every week marketing your store. EVERY WEEK…FOREVER. It’s important to remember that things change. Customers move away, they change their habits, they change their daily routine…whatever. Developing new business is vital to your long-term success.
We’ll spend time in future newsletters discussing the many ways you can effectively market your store…and for a very small cost (or no cost at all). But, since we’re discussing labor costs today, I want to point out that the best way to keep costs down (as a percentage of sales), is to increase sales.
One other thing I’ve found, over the years, is that hiring people for the minimum amount of money doesn’t usually work out very well. We’re in the Midwest, so costs may a bit different here, but, paying in the $7.50 to $8.00 per hour range seems to get us a pretty good employee. Shift leaders, supervisors, or managers, obviously get more. Including taxes, we budget based on an average hourly wage of $9.60 per hour. That would be an average hourly base wage of around $8.55.
Employee retention is also very important…both in terms of customer retention and in over-all labor costs. Turnover is a killer to the budget. I’ve found that a new employee isn’t very valuable for a couple of months. During that time, there is a lot of babysitting, and supervising. That means double staffed shifts, and products mistakes (cost of goods…remember that one?). Paying people well, and treating them with respect, will keep the employees happy, longer.
And finally, don’t forget that training never ends. That doesn’t mean that you should badger your employees, or constantly find things to criticize. But, you can’t let things go, either. Train, train, train, on customer service, on drink quality, on speed of service, and on the importance of store cleanliness. Your customers will appreciate it, and ultimately, so will your employees.
Roasters Minute
Most people know that there are two types of coffee beans…Robusta and Arabica. Specialty coffee roasters use Arabica beans. Commercial coffee roasters tend to use the cheaper, lower quality Robusta, or a blend of both. But, even Arabica beans can differ greatly, in quality and taste.
There are 5 grades of Arabica coffee beans. These grades are rated by the size of the bean, number of defects per 300 grams of coffee beans, and moisture content.
Grade 1. Specialty coffee: Has less than 5% size variance, only up to 3 full defects and moisture between 9 and 13 per cent. This is the best of the best.
Grade 2. Premium coffee: same as grade 1, but with up to 8 defects.
Grade 3. Exchange grade coffee: 9-23 defects, 15%-20% size variance, and moisture content somewhat off.
Grade 4. Standard grade coffee: 24-86 defects and more variance on size and moisture
Grade 5. Off grade coffee: more than 86 defects
We use only Specialty grade and Premium grade beans for all of our coffees. If you are buying coffees in the 5.00 per lb. range, chances are, they are either grade 4 or grade 5 beans.
Please check out our Web Site
At www.harvestroasting.com you’ll find premium products at very competitive prices. We would love to send you some samples of our wonderfully smooth espresso…just call. And, if you’ve missed them, our previous newsletters are available there, as well.
In next month’s newsletter, we’ll talk about surviving during these very difficult times.
Happy Selling,
Bill Kipper
402-709-9489